Icons and theirs. Complete encyclopedia of symbols

Russian badges have a rich history, but in recent years Russian falerists have been attracted by rare Soviet badges, of which a large number were issued during the Soviet period. They cost a penny back then, but with the collapse of the Soviet Union their cost rose sharply. Now collectors are chasing badges and badges from that era.

Many Soviet people had a hobby - collecting, i.e. to collect something, a hobby, as they say now. This passion for collecting was especially evident among children and young people. But even quite grown-up, elderly people were sometimes no strangers to collecting. Their eyes also lit up at the sight of a rare, valuable thing or object.

What was most often collected by collectors of all ages?

icons;
postcards;
match labels;
envelopes.

You won’t immediately remember everything that children and adults collected in the Soviet country. All items listed were easy to purchase, inexpensive, and exchangeable. Large investments were not required to replenish their collections. They took up little space, unlike, for example, antique furniture or automobile rarities. Age in collecting stamps, badges, match labels, etc. didn't make any difference.

Faleristics, along with philately, was the most popular type of collecting in the Soviet Union. The main reasons for this:

large selection of icons;
low price;
various topics;
a large number of falerist societies.

Children's fascination with badges began almost from preschool age. And at school, young collectors could no longer calmly pass by Soyuzpechat kiosks, specialized stores, where such a variety of bright, colorful, interesting badges were on display. Some young falerists sacrificed their breakfasts and lunches at school to purchase them. They saved the money their parents gave them for food without telling them about it, and then bought the badge they liked. Having matured, most of these collectors lost interest in faleristics.

Theme of USSR badges

The subject matter of USSR badges is so vast and varied that sometimes it is impossible to determine which of them a particular item belongs to. The greatest interest was caused by Soviet-era icons on the following themes:

space;
sport;
anniversary dates;
military;
state, political, public figures;
story;
transport;
heraldry;
portraiture;
architecture, etc.

In the Soviet Union, about one and a half dozen enterprises were engaged in the production of badges and other badges. Some were produced in large quantities, while the circulation of others was limited to a small number, copies of which are now included in the catalog of the most valuable ones. The price for them sometimes at auctions exceeds more than 1.5 thousand dollars. This confirms the interest of falerists around the world in Soviet badges.

A badge that could be called political was produced en masse in the Soviet country. In the USSR there were many different children's and adult public organizations, interest societies, etc. Many of them had their own badges.

For example, first-graders were admitted to the school in October. Junior schoolchildren were members of this children's organization for 3-4 years and wore a badge in the shape of a five-pointed star with little Volodya Ulyanov (Lenin) on their chest. Then they were accepted into the pioneers, and at the age of 14 they joined the ranks of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union (VLKSM), with the obligatory wearing of the Komsomol badge.

Political badges include badges that were made and issued, for example, to members of the voluntary people's squad (VND), deputies of party congresses, winners of socialist competition, shock workers of five-year plans, etc. Currently, they are of no value, but, nevertheless, some collectors are interested in them.

In honor of outstanding political, state, party leaders of the USSR, and significant dates, badges were produced in large quantities. Every collector could buy them and then exchange them. At that time the price for them was small. However, not all badges were sold in the Soviet country. Those issued were awarded to leaders of production, for example, “Drummer of Communist Labor”, “Drummer of the Five-Year Plan” (the number of the five-year plan was indicated: 9, 10, 11, etc.). There were also those that were issued under numbers; they were issued to a certain category of people.

Dear USSR badges

Expensive USSR badges are rare and valuable items that are highly valued by collectors. You can purchase them at auctions for fairly high prices, sometimes over one and a half thousand dollars. Let's see what factors influence when determining the value of a particular instance of a badge or breastplate issued in the now defunct state of the USSR.

the material from which the badge or sign is made;
the year they were made;
circulation, i.e. number of copies issued;
presence of engraving on the sign;
state of the instance;
stories associated with the icon.

Falerists are in demand for expensive signs that are made of heavy metals. The price of aluminum badges is very low.

The rarity, and, accordingly, the value of the sign is influenced by the year of its manufacture. The earlier he was born, the higher his age, of course. Collectors especially value rarities produced in the early years of the young Soviet Republic and before the first half of the last century.

The value of a badge put up for auction is influenced by its circulation. The fewer copies were made, the more expensive its cost will be.

The presence of engraving on signs causes great joy among falerists. Such specimens are rare and valuable.

Poorly preserved badges and signs are not particularly popular among collectors, even though they may suddenly turn out to be rare specimens. The condition of the product is an important factor in determining its price.

Those copies that have one or more interesting stories related, for example, to the circulation, to the previous owners of the rarity are valued.

The first thing every woman does when she comes home with a new thing is to put it on and look at herself in the mirror. Once again, you can’t stop the fair sex from admiring themselves, but the second thing you need to do is study the icons on clothes for washing; the decoding of some is not always immediately clear. For example, a hand placed in a basin of water means hand washing, and a basin indicating the temperature indicates how hot the water can be.

These washing icons are easy to interpret, but if we talk about others, the imagination sometimes refuses to even imagine what they could mean. However, you will have to study all the laundry icons. Nobody wants their first wash to be their last, right? If so, we look for labels on things and carefully read how to organize proper care for them.

Where is the shortcut hidden?

At the time when the first industrial manufactories began to appear, labels were born. Their goal was to convey the name of the manufacturer to clothing buyers. Then, caring merchants began to place clothing care signs on them. This tradition has survived to this day. Therefore, on any item of clothing it is not difficult to find a label with cleaning recommendations.

The label on which the washing symbols are located is located in different places on different items. For example, on jeans it is located in the seam at hip level, on knitted sweatshirts and knitted cardigans - in the side seam, on T-shirts - at the back under the collar or in the side seam. Moreover, even underwear has labels: their location on panties is in the side seam, on bras - on the left, on the “back” strap. This once again proves that each item needs specific care.

The label is made of a special material that does not interfere with wearing clothes: it does not rub or prick. And at the same time, this useful fabric insert will tell you at any time how to properly wash, iron and otherwise care for the item. An exception is made only for baby onesies and onesies for the little ones. You will not find any tags on these clothes. Washing instructions are indicated on special stickers, which are removed during preparation before the first wear.

Tip: as a rule, labels can be made of two types of fabric - very soft and more rigid. If the label needs to be removed, remember: only those made of soft fabric can be cut (they sometimes even have a cut sign on them - open scissors). The rigid label is pulled out of the seam with a careful movement. If you cut it off, the remainder will definitely rub.

How to read labels?

There is nothing difficult in figuring out what this or that marking means. It is enough to look carefully at the conventional symbols as a whole and find a pattern. And as you know, what is understandable is easy to remember. Therefore, after studying the icons, the manufacturer’s recommendation regarding clothing care will be read “at a glance.”

Conventional symbols are of five types and can respectively indicate five different actions to which clothing can be subjected:

Its designation is a circle: empty, with a letter or crossed out.
Its symbol is a square, on which a decoding is applied in the form of additional signs explaining its features.
The sign of this operation is a triangle.
Its symbols are irons, which indicate the temperature at which the item should be ironed. This icon also shows whether the clothes can be steamed.
Its icon represents a bowl of water and can provide the following information: whether machine washing is possible or the product only requires manual cleaning, what temperature the water should be, features of spinning and mechanical processing.

In addition to describing the specifics of the modes, there are symbols designed to prohibit or mitigate this or that action. For example, if you cross out a basin with water, it will mean that washing is prohibited, and if you put a cross on the circle, it will mean that dry cleaning is prohibited. The stripes under the icons soften the action: one strip is a gentle mode, two strips are a delicate mode.

Tip: if you need urgent decoding, a table that contains symbols and their descriptions will help.

If the washing machine is equipped with a drying function, then when choosing its mode, you should focus on the corresponding value (“square”) on the label. A square with a circle inscribed in it allows drying in a special drying chamber. The same sign, but crossed out, indicates that you cannot use the dryer. In this case, the points inside the circle in the resolution sign indicate the temperature during drying - the more there are, the higher the temperature value can be.

There may also be a line or even two under the “drying allowed” icon. They indicate gentle and enhanced drying modes. This means that if drying is done in a washing machine, you should select a gentle drying program or lower the temperature to the minimum value. The icons describing the drying conditions of the product also regulate normal drying, without the use of a drying chamber. Some items can be dried vertically on a line or on a special metal dryer (a square with a semi-oval on top).

A sign in the form of a square with a horizontal line in the middle indicates that after washing the item should be laid out on a flat horizontal surface. As a rule, this applies to knitted items made from wool and other natural materials. Three vertical stripes in a square warn that the item should not be wrung out after washing and should be dried flat. Such markings are found, for example, on children’s “puffy” hats and mittens made of polyester, and on down jackets.

A square with two slanted stripes in the upper left corner means that sun drying is prohibited for these items. This applies to woolen, silk products, and clothing made from synthetic knitwear. Also, it is not recommended to dry bright colored items in the bright sun, as this will make them fade.

These symbols are needed more for dry cleaning workers than for those who wear them. They regulate the possibility of cleaning with chemicals and specify certain substances. The most important sign for consumers is that dry cleaning is prohibited. If it is on a label, it means that you will have to solve problems with stains on clothes yourself.

If an item needs bleaching, be sure to look at the symbol in the form of a triangle. A clean triangle indicates that the fabric will withstand any bleaching; a crossed triangle indicates a complete ban on any bleaching agent. A triangle with the chemical symbol chlorine (Cl) inside indicates the use of chlorine-containing products. And a triangle with two slashes located close to the left side puts a taboo on chlorine bleaches, while other bleaches may well be used.

Before ironing your clothes, pay attention to the ironing symbol on the label. Depending on the information on it, the iron must be manually adjusted. Namely, you should set the correct temperature and, if necessary, turn off the steaming function (if the icon shows an iron with a stream of steam crossed out). The temperature of the iron soleplate is selected based on the type of fabric. The lowest temperature (100°C) is set for nylon, polyamide, acetate, acrylic, nylon and is indicated on the label by one dot inside the “iron”. Two points is 150°C - for viscose, silk, wool. Three points - 200°C - for cotton and linen. If there is no marking in degrees on the iron, it is convenient to navigate by the points.

This is the most understandable sign; people pay attention to it most often. A bowl of water shows at what temperature a particular item should be washed. Sometimes the temperature is indicated not by numbers, but by dots: 1 dot corresponds to 30°C, 2 dots - 40°C, 3 dots - 60°C. If the basin is crossed out, the product cannot be washed. If the tag shows a basin with a hand lowered into it, hand washing is preferable for clothes. The crossed out curled linen on the label warns that it is not recommended to twist or wring the item. That is, when washing in a washing machine in the mode selected depending on other characteristics, the washing cycle and rinse must be present, and the spin must be turned off.

As mentioned above, there may be one or two horizontal lines under the usual icons, which indicate the application of a softening mode. Most often, these additions are present on icons regulating washing. If it is carried out using a washing machine, the standard program settings should be adjusted. Namely, reduce the speed by 200-300 (one line - gentle wash) or select a delicate washing mode and set the speed to the minimum value (two lines - delicate wash).

The icon method of describing the conditions for caring for clothing is convenient and rational. A small label allows you to know exactly how to wash, dry and remove stains from clothes in any situation. Having meaningfully read the signs and their interpretation, you can be sure that your favorite clothes are under proper protection.

The emblems are very diverse. At the moment there are a huge number of them in the world. They will identify the quality of the products of a particular manufacturer. Not every car enthusiast can determine the make of a car just by its badge.

The sign image has . The process of formation of any of them took a very long time, because not every automobile company immediately began producing vehicles. Therefore, icons, like cars, are constantly being improved. Moreover, the roots of both are “buried” deep into the last century.

It should be noted that there are as many emblems in the world as there are car brands. All brands of cars in the world cannot be listed and counted. There is no exact answer to this question in any source. Some car enthusiasts count more than 2000 pieces, while others count about 1300. But this is unofficial information. Many brands are produced within one country, so not all people know about their existence.

Today, no one can answer the question of exactly how many automobile brands are registered. Moreover, the most famous of them number more than 60 pieces.

In the article you will find answers to questions about how the car brand was formed and what its emblem means.

Famous Vehicle Badges - Major Automotive Emblems of the World

We present to your attention a list of emblems:

Acura. The emblem resembles a caliper. The simplicity of the drawing is due to the fact that at the time the brand was created in the USA it was quite difficult to register a new trademark. The official logo registry contained many similar trademarks.
Alfa Romeo. The logo consists of two borrowed parts: a red cross on a white background and a snake devouring a man. The first element has long been present on the coat of arms of the city of Milan. The second is an exact copy of the coat of arms of the Visconti dynasty.
Aston Martin. The original version of the logo was the intertwining letters A and M. The wings identify the speed inherent in the cars produced. They appeared on the logo only in 1927; they were borrowed from. A year later, it was decided to give them fashionable shapes.
In 1947, the logo was supplemented with the name of the then owner, David Brown.
Audi. The four rings used for the logo symbolize fusion. Each element represents companies that merged in 1934, such as Audi Automobil-Werke AG, Horch Automobil-Werke GmbH, Dampf Kraft Wagen and Wanderer Werke AG.
Bentley. The main element, the winged capital letter B, is the personification of strength, speed and independence.
Due to the color scheme, three types of produced cars are distinguished. Thus, green is a distinctive sign of racing models, red - sophisticated, black - more powerful vehicles.
Bentley emblem - illustrated in black
BMW. The first appearance of the company logo dates back to 1917. It showed a propeller. Since 1920, the logo has not undergone any fundamental changes. It can only be noted that since 1963 a different abbreviation font has been used.
The main element of the logo is a black circle, the internal space of which consists of four sectors. The silver-white and sky-blue colors in which they are painted are traditional for Bavaria.
Brilliance. Company presents . Considering the fact that the price is affordable for consumers, it should be noted the high quality of the vehicles produced. Perhaps this was the reason for calling them “diamonds”.
The brand name speaks for itself, and the car logo, consisting of two hieroglyphs, is written confirmation of this.
Bugatti. Connoisseurs of the cars produced by the company know perfectly well why the emblem is made in the shape of a pearl. The logo contains the surname as well as the initials of the founder - Ettore. The sixty points along the perimeter are nothing short of gems.
Buick. The history of the logo is rich. The current version consists of three framed shields. Each of them symbolizes three models, as in the 1960 version of the emblem.
BYD. It didn't take long to create the logo. This is a kind of simplified version of the BMW logo. Color, shape, slightly distorted vision - and you're done.
Cadillac. The family coat of arms of the de La Motte family is used as an emblem. In 1901, the industrial city of Detroit was formed on the territory of the then fort Ville d’Etroit.
Caterham. Caterham Car Sales was the Lotus dealer. In the early 70s. Graham Nirn, who by that time headed the company, bought the rights to produce Seven cars. After this, the sports car changed its name to Caterham Super Seven. If you look closely, you can see elements similar to the Lotus emblem. As for the magic number 7, it was present on the company’s emblem for quite a long time, involuntarily reminiscent of the model of the same name.
Since 2011, some structuring has been observed. This can be confirmed by the version of the emblem presented in January 2014. It is clearly different from the usual Super Seven. The unchanged attribute remains the green color, which now outlines the contours of the British flag.
Chery. Chery Automobile Corporation places a logo on its cars, the outline of which resembles the abbreviation of the company name. Among other things, the emblem symbolizes hands, which are characterized by strength and unity.
Chevrolet. Louis Joseph Chevrolet is a famous racer and mechanic. His performance in the 1905 Vanderbilt Cup caught the attention of the owner of General Motors. In 1911, Louis Joseph was asked to name cars produced after him.
The emblem, reminiscent of a bow tie, symbolizes the success of the famous racer.
There is an opinion that the company's emblem was nothing more than a pattern on the wallpaper, which William Derant, its owner, noticed while staying in one of the hotels in France. The second version, told by his wife, says that a similar logo attracted the attention of her husband at the moment of flipping the pages of the newspaper.
Chrysler. Walter Percy Chrysler, once vice president of GM, was born into the family of a railroad engineer. He dreamed of producing his own cars, based on experience and striving for perfection. In 1924, his thoughts began to materialize through the process of reorganizing two companies. Four years later, their list was replenished by Dodge, and later by Lamborghini and American Motors Corporation.
Since 2014, the company has been a semi-independent division of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, producing passenger cars and minivans.
The modern version of the emblem has similar features to the Aston Martin badge and symbolizes speed and speed.
Citroën. The emblem is a double chevron consisting of V-shaped characters. It was very often used in heraldry. In the case of the Citroën emblem, this is associated with the start of André's career. It began in the workshops of the Esten brothers, who produced spare parts for steam locomotives. In 1905, he became their partner and organized the production of gears. Gradually, the company became a manufacturer of auto parts, and then launched its own conveyor.
Dacia. This is what the territory of modern Romania was called. The ancient Romans called it Dacia, in honor of the Dacian tribe that lived here. The car plant is located in the city of Pitesti.
Given the connection with the tribe, whose totem animals are the wolf and the dragon, it is not surprising that the original version of the emblem resembles the scales of a dragon. In addition, it is worth noting the scaly armor characteristic of their warriors.
In 2008, visitors to the Geneva Motor Show were the first to see the new Dacia emblem. Upon closer examination, the logo resembles the letter “D”; the full name is written in dark blue letters on its straight horizontal line. The silver color of the main element indicates the status of a subsidiary of Renault.
Daewoo. The company name translates as “great universe.” Many sources say that a shell was chosen as the emblem. But the version with a lily is more plausible. If we compare the company's emblem with the well-known Fleur-de-lis, which is of a heraldic nature, then they are very similar. This is not surprising, because fleur d’lys literally translates from French as “lily flower.” Among other things, this flower is considered to be a symbol of purity, greatness and innocence.
Daihatsu. Since 1907, Hatsudoki Seizo Co., Ltd, based at Osaka University, has been producing automobile engines for more than 20 years.
In 1951, changes occurred, during which a new enterprise was formed, which was named Daihatsu. Dai and Hatsu (大 and 発) are an abbreviation of sorts, as Osaka is written as 大阪 and "engine production" as 発動機製造.
As for the emblem, it is a stylized element reminiscent of the capital letter “D” and symbolizes compactness combined with convenience. It is not for nothing that the company’s slogan is the statement: “We make it compact.”
Dodge. The company was founded by the Dodge brothers in 1900. They were engaged in the production of auto parts. Then the decision was made to produce cars. In 1928, the company became an integral part of the Chrysler Corporation.
Initially, the company's emblem was a round medal. Two interlocking triangles forming a six-pointed star were located in the center. It had the capital letters D and B on the inside, and the phrase "Dodge Brothers Motor Vehicles" framed the outside.
Ram's head was first used in 1936. During the period 1954–1980. the element was not observed on the logo.
From 1994 to 2010, the main distinctive element emblazoned on the company’s emblem once again became the head of a bighorn sheep. Considering this circumstance, it is worth noting that this is due to the assertiveness and power inherent in these animals.
Now the emblem looks simple: the company name combined with two red slanted lines, symbolizing the spirit of sport.
FAW. On the company's Russian-language website, the logo is described as an abbreviation of the "First Automobile Corporation of China" (China FAW Group Corporation, short for First Automobile Works) in Chinese. Here we see an image symbolizing an eagle.
According to the owners, the emblem symbolizes a corporation spreading its wings and conquering space, like an eagle.
Ferrari. The history of the emblem is closely connected with Francesco Baraca, an air ace whose fighter plane featured everyone’s favorite horse. Enzo Ferrari, like most Italians of that time, was a fan of the great pilot of the First World War.
Seeing this element for the first time, Enzo did not pay much attention to it. This happened a little later, when Ferrari was lucky enough to meet the pilot’s parents.
From July 9, 1932, the company's cars featured a black horse.
The yellow background is the color of the city of Modena, and the three stripes at the top of the emblem are the national colors of Italy.
The initials SF are nothing more than an abbreviation for Scuderia, or Ferrari Stable, a racing team that was formed in 1929.
Another interesting fact is that a prancing stallion can be seen on the coat of arms of Stuttgart.
Fiat. The emblem of the Turin automobile plant, Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino, changed very often. But the most significant moment is considered to be 1901, when instead of the full name of the plant they began to use an abbreviation and a new form of edging. This is followed by a period when the shape of the emblem takes on either round or square outlines. The basis of the modern emblem is the motifs of the previous ones, from the period 1931–1968. The chrome trim, color and features of the 1931 FIAT 524 represent the idea of reinterpreting the previous emblem. FIAT positions itself as a dynamically developing company that remembers and is proud of its past.
Ford. The emblem is extremely simple - the company name in an oval frame. This decision has become a symbol of practicality, and it is also easily recognizable.
FSO. Polish Fabryka Samochodow Osobowych (FSO), which translated means Passenger Car Factory. Founded in 1951.
Starting in 2010, the company launched its own production of cars under the FSO Lanos brand, since at that time the plant belonged to Daewoo.
As for the logo, it is a combination of FSO silhouettes: the letter f, ostensibly consisting of a capital S in the center of a neat outline of the letter O. The color red represents passion, quality and trust.
Geely. Geely Group Co., Ltd was founded in 1986.
The original version of the emblem is associated with the white wing of a bird or a high mountain - the blue background resembles the sky. This is exactly how Mr. Shufu understands the word Geely, translated as “happiness”.
Company brands: Geely Emgrand, Geely Gleagle (Global Eagle), Geely Englon.
GMC. General Motors Corporation was born in 1916. It all started with a truck created by the Grabowski brothers. It was equipped with a horizontal single-cylinder engine.
Cars have been produced under the Rapid Motor Vehicle brand since 1902. Later, William Durant joined the brothers, and in 1908 General Motors was formed, uniting all the small auto production in Michigan into one.
The emblem is simple and at the same time bold due to the color scheme: red letters framed in silver.
Great Wall. Another representative of the Chinese automobile industry is Great Wall, or “Great Wall”. The company name and logo are nothing less than the embodiment of a sense of patriotism. The emblem was a stylized tooth of the Great Wall of China.
This logo has been used since 2007, when new production was launched. The updated emblem represents the high-tech production, style and elegance of the passenger cars produced.
Hafei and Haima. Hafei, or Harbin HF Automobile Industry Group Company Ltd., was founded in 1994 and became part of the National Aviation Industry Corporation of China.
The pioneer of the company's conveyor belt was the Daewoo Tico model.
The waves depicted on the company's shield-shaped emblem represent the bed of the Songhua River, next to which the city of Harbin is located. This is where the history of Hafei begins. Haima has been operating since 1988. In 1992, she was entrusted with the work of assembling Japanese licensed models.
The company name arose from the merger of two names: HAInan and MAzda. The first of them is Hainan Island, where one of the factories is located. And the second, as you may have guessed, is the brand of the same name, with which the company has been collaborating for a long time.
The emblem looks like the symbol of cars produced by Mazda. Given the purpose of the cars, it is not surprising that the company’s logo was a silhouette reminiscent of Ahura Mazda (“Lord of Wisdom”), who personified truth, life and light. He was considered the all-knowing and all-powerful God of good.
Honda. The founder of the company is Soichiro. The emblem is a stylized capital letter H. Simple and tasteful.
Hummer. The brand name comes from HMMWV M998 (High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle Model 998), a program to create high-capacity vehicles launched in 1979.
The last car rolled off the assembly line back in 2010.
Hyundai. Motor Company is a representative of South Korea. The company was founded in 1967.
The name itself can be translated as “modernity”, “new time”. Pronounced "Hunday" by analogy with the English sunday - "Sunday".
The emblem, a stylized capital letter H, represents two people shaking hands. This is how they see friendship with clients and mutually beneficial cooperation with partners.
Infiniti. Infinity, this is what the company emblem represents. Initially, it was planned to use the familiar infinity symbol. However, in the final version, the logo became a road running into the distance. It symbolizes the limitless possibilities of the car produced under this brand.
Isuzu. In 1889, Tokyo Ishikawajima Shipbuilding & Engineering Co., Ltd. was founded. It is from this moment that the countdown should begin. They were one of the first to use a diesel engine in the automotive industry. The idea was picked up by Tokyo Gas and Electric Industry Co., Ltd., and already in 1916 the companies began work.
Commercial vehicles appeared a little later, in 1922, production was launched jointly with Wolseley Motor Ltd., Britain.
In 1934, the Department of Trade of Japan assigned the name ISUZU to automobiles, then Automotive Industries Co., Ltd. Later, in 1949, the company would be renamed Isuzu Motors Limited.
The company's name was given in honor of the Isuzu River. The emblem is simple, however, it is worth noting the stylized letter I, which symbolizes growth. The color scheme is a symbol of the rising sun, as well as the warm hearts of the company's employees.
Iran Khodro. The logo of the Iranian automobile industry - a horse's head on a shield - symbolizes speed. One of the models is called Iran Khodro Samand, fleet-footed horse means the word samand. In Russia, this brand of car with a slightly old-fashioned design and a cozy interior was sold in 2007–2012, and now deliveries have been resumed.
Jaguar. The rare jumping jaguar emblem was designed by auto artist F. Gordon Crosby. The jaguar figurine is thrown back in an accident; it is currently banned in many countries and is rarely used as an accessory. British Jaguar Cars is controlled by the Volkswagen Group. It produces luxurious luxury cars and sedans with a unique stylish design, an unusually luxurious interior and a powerful engine.
Jeep. The American car brand is part of the Chrysler company. The emblem was created according to the abbreviation GP (GP) - General Purpose vehicle, in meaning - this is a general purpose vehicle. supplies all-terrain vehicles and SUVs to the markets. Is an icon of men's style.
KIA. The logo is stylized letters in an oval, the meaning of “ki” and “a” literally means: “Enter the world from Asia.” The owner is a South Korean automobile manufacturing concern that produces cars, SUVs, buses, and commercial vehicles.
Koenigsegg. A Swedish company founded by Christian von Koenigsegg in 1994. It is engaged in the production of exclusive sports cars. The origin of the Koenigsegg logo lies in the family coat of arms of the Koenigsegg family. It looks like a single field with golden diamonds.
Lamborghini. A brand of an Italian manufacturer, owned by the German automobile company Audi AG. The founder of the company, Ferruccio Lamborghini, proposed the design of a black and gold emblem: a bull in the center of the emblem - Taurus, under whose sign he was born. All his models were named after bulls and cities glorified in bullfights. Produces expensive supercars.
Lancia. Its own unique logo has changed several times in shape and color since 1911. But the shield, steering wheel and flag on the spear remained unchanged. The inscription Lancia is made in the original font (lancia in Italian means spear). Produced by an Italian automobile company, its controlling stake is owned by the Fiat concern. There are no official supplies of this brand to Russia. Lancia Upsilon in Italy costs from 530 thousand rubles.
Land Rover. The brainchild of the British company Land Rover, which produces off-road vehicles. Owned by Ford Corporation. The modest logo is easily recognizable: the company name is on a dark green background. The emblem of the company itself is the bowsprit of a sailboat cutting through the waves, framed by a knight's shield. There is an official dealer of the company in Russia. After-sales service has a benefit package.
Lexus. The emblem is a curved letter L inscribed in an oval, symbolizing luxury that does not need ostentation. The word Lexus sounds more pleasant than luxury. It’s difficult to come up with a simpler logo. Lexus, a subsidiary of Toyota, occupies the premium segment of the market for luxury connoisseurs. It produces sedans, executive cars, convertibles, and SUVs.
Lifan. The emblem shows three sailboats. Lifan is translated from Chinese characters into Russian as “Go with full sails.” Under this brand, a large Chinese private company produces cars, buses, ATVs, motorcycles, and scooters. In Russia, of the above, only passenger cars are found.
Lincoln. The Lincoln logo is a compass with arrows pointing to all cardinal directions. The company's goal was to achieve brand recognition in all countries. Lincoln is a division of Ford Motor Corporation that supplies luxury passenger cars. Every single Lincoln is a masterpiece and reflects the prestige of its owner.
Lotus. The monogram of the logo contains the initials of the full name of Anthony Bruce Colin Champion, the founder of this English company. Yellow and green are the colors of racing cars. Lotus Cars, which produces cars under the Lotus brand, is part of the Lotus Group. The Lotus Cars company produces sports cars and race cars and intends to enter into an alliance with the corporation to produce exclusive cars in small series.
Maserati. The logo features Neptune's trident. The six Maserati brothers founded their company in Bologna, where in Piazza Maggiore stands a bronze Neptune holding a trident. The red and blue colors were switched from the coat of arms of Bologna to the Maserati logo. The brand played an important role in the development of the sports car and is represented in 61 countries.
Mazda. The modern logo of a Japanese corporation - the letter M - resembles spread wings; they call it an “owl”, “tulip”. The word Mazda was chosen in honor of the creator of the sun, moon, and stars - the deity Ahura Mazda. The company supplies the market with cars, convertibles, roadsters, minivans, pickups, and SUVs. It is a world-class automaker.
Maybach. A German company that produces luxury cars. The company was founded back in 1909 by Wilhelm Maybach and his son Karl. There was a period when cars of the same model were not similar to each other, since they were created according to the wishes of the customer. The car emblem is two letters M of different sizes, intersecting each other. This logo is not accidental - it contains the name of the company “-Manufactura”.
Mercedes-Benz. A trademark of cars, trucks, buses, luxury SUVs and other vehicles of the German concern Daimler AG. The three-pointed star on the hood recalls the brand’s superiority in the air, at sea and on land, since its successor Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft also produced engines for aircraft and marine vessels.
Mercury. Edsel Ford himself named the new brand that way. The logos depicted the mythical god Mercury, a cat. This logo appeared in the mid-80s. Its creators presented the letter M this way. The brand belongs to the American company Ford. Until January 2011, mid-price cars were produced under this emblem. There are none in Russia.
MG. The MG logo corresponds to the meaning of "sports car". William Morris founded the Morris Garages company at the beginning of the 20th century, which later became known as the MG Car Company. The emblem of a British automobile manufacturer known for producing sports cars. The current owner is the Chinese company Nanjing Automobile. Currently produces serial passenger cars.
MINI. The emblem means efficiency, reasonable price, normal capacity. A small car intended for the mass consumer is endowed with such features. The brand of passenger cars in the past is a British company, in the present it is a subsidiary of the BMW concern. A new version of the Mini Countryman vintage car was released in 2011. Mr. Bean and Madonna are fans of MINI cars.
Mitsubishi. Property of the Japanese concern Commercial Company, which specializes in cars and trucks. Mitsubishi translated from Japanese means “three diamonds”; they are placed on the Iwasaki family coat of arms and on the concern’s emblem. Since its creation, the appearance of the logo has never changed. It is common in Russia.
Morgan. A small English company, Morgan Motor Company, produces sports coupes with an archaic appearance and filled with the latest achievements in the automotive industry. He plans to release an electric roadster in the retro style of the thirties of the 19th century. The exterior of all 2-seater cars produced, without exception, is exclusive and stylish. There are few such luxury cars in Russia.
Nissan. The emblem is a rising sun, the name of the brand is inscribed in it. “Sincerity that brings success” is the meaning of the emblem. The emblem is 80 years old. The oldest Japanese company is the result of the merger of many automakers. Among Russian car owners.
Noble. The logo bears the name of company founder Lee Noble, who was Noble's chief designer and executive from 1996 to 2009. The owner of this brand is an English automobile manufacturing company that specializes only in high-speed sports cars. Body and chassis manufacturing takes place in South Africa. Assembly - at the Noble plant. The latest model, the Noble M600, retailed from £200,000. Jeremy Clarkson is delighted with the Noble car.
Oldsmobile. The American company produced exclusive expensive cars until 2004. With the release of the last Jeep model, the Bravada, Oldsmobile production ended. For almost a hundred years, the company produced cars exclusively for the American market; their number was 35 million cars.
Opel. The Opel emblem is lightning in a circle - a symbol of lightning speed and speed. At first there was the word “Blitz” in the circle, which was framed by lightning, then the word was removed. The German company Adam AG is part of General Motors. It has 11 car assembly plants and sells all over the world: minivans, sedans, crossovers and hatchbacks. Opel cars are widespread in Russia.
Pagani. The brand of the most famous company in the Apennines, Pagani Automobili SpA, specializing in the production of Zonda supercars with the most unusual appearance of all existing models in this group. The Zonda F supercar is the most expensive and fastest car in the world. Pagani Zonda cars are easily recognizable by their design, have exceptionally high-quality assembly and perfect road performance.
Peugeot. The brand's new logo - a three-dimensional updated lion without a tongue - adds dynamism to the emblem. It appeared on the hood of the Peugeot RCZ model in 2010. The emblem belongs to the French automaker, which is part of PSA Peugeot Citroën, known for producing cars with low levels of harmful exhaust gas. This brand is often found in Russia.
Plymouth. The brand was founded by Walter Chrysler in 1928. The brand's emblem showed a stylized view of the ship moored at Plymouth Stone, on which the Pilgrim Fathers sailed. Under this brand, the independent Plymouth division, part of Chrysler, produced cars and minivans until 2001. The latest Plymouth models come under the Chrysler and Dodge brands.
Pontiac. From 1990 to 2010, Pontiac cars featured two large air intakes in the radiator grille. A bar separated them. The logo with a red arrow has been used for more than 50 years, located at the site where the radiator splits. The owner of the brand was General Motors. Since 2010, the production of cars with this brand has been discontinued.
Porsche. The logo of this brand features: the symbol of Stuttgart - a rearing horse and details of the coat of arms of the German state of Baden-Württemberg - antlers and black and red stripes. This company produces sports cars, and recently began producing crossovers and sedans. Cars participate in many car competitions.
Proton. On the logo is the word “Proton”, and below is a picture of a stylized tiger head. This is the emblem of the cars of the largest Malaysian company Proton Otomobil Nasional Berhad, which produces its products under license from Mitsubishi. The company plans to increase its model range through its own developments.
Renault. The emblem of the French company, which has now created the Renault-Nissan alliance, was created by the founder of op art, Victor Vasarely. The image of a diamond on a yellow background brings optimism and prosperity. On the Renault emblem, each side of the diamond is placed on top of the other; in real life, this figure cannot exist. Thus, Renault promises owners to make the impossible come true.
Rolls-Royce. Premium class cars are produced with the emblem of the British car brand - two superimposed letters R, enclosed in a rectangle, all in black. The founders of the most prestigious company in the world, Frederick Henry Royce and Charles Stewart Rolls, agreed in 1904 on the name of the car “Rolls-Royce”. Since 1998, the company with this logo has been owned by BMW, licensing the name and RR emblem cost the company £40 million.
Saab. The SAAB logo depicts the same mythological bird as on the family coat of arms of the Swedish Count von Skane. SAAB was formed in the Swedish province of Skåne, as this icon shows. Now the brand of passenger cars belongs to the Chinese-Japanese consortium - the National Electric Vehicle Sweden concern. Saab went bankrupt at the end of 2011, the new owners have the right to the Saab name without the griffin head logo.
Saturn. The logo of the division of the American Saturn Corporation is the image of the planet Saturn with rings. The inscription in the logo is made in the same style as on the Saturn V launch vehicle, which carried Americans to the Moon. According to the project, this car brand introduced plastic parts with shape-memorizing properties into the exterior of the body. The company also launched serial production of the EV1 electric car, which entered the market from 1997 to 2003. When production of the electric car was stopped, all copies of the cars were taken from customers and disposed of. Saturn ended its operations in 2010. In Russia, such a brand is rare.
Scion. The logo was made in California: the stylized letter S represents the swimming of a shark, it was important to connect the car with fans of extreme sports and the ocean. Scion (“Cayenne”) translates to “successor” and is a regular right-hand drive Toyota. Scion, in truth, is made in Japan, because it is assembled there. The Scion division is owned by Toyota and produces youth cars only for North America. All Scion cars arrive to owners in one configuration. Concepts presented: SCION FUSE (butterfly doors) and SCION T2B (with a sliding door on the passenger side).
SEAT. The logo with the letter S in gray (and the word Seat in red) is the third in a row, this is the capital letter of the company name. This brand represents the Spanish company Sociedad Española de Automóviles de Turismo, owned by the Volkswagen Group. SEAT began operations in 1950, when there were only three cars per 1,000 Spaniards in the country. Currently, the company is making progress in the production of sports and "everyday" cars. In the fall of 2015, SEAT will present a crossover. Famous SEAT models are Ibiza and Leon.
Skoda. The logo of the Czech company ŠKODA since February 2011 is a “winged arrow” placed in a ring. The ring does not contain the inscription ŠKODA AUTO, the word is placed above the logo. The elements of the emblem have the following meaning: the wing symbolizes technical progress, the arrow symbolizes new technologies, the eye symbolizes open-mindedness, and the green color indicates that production does not harm the environment. The company is part of the Volkswagen Group. The company plans to release a new generation Roomster. The current generation Skoda Roomster with two petrol engines is being sold in Russia.
Subaru. The logo of Subaru-Fuji Industries Ltd. six stars visible to the naked eye from the Pleiades star cluster, beloved in Japan since ancient times. Fuji Heavy Industries was created through the merger of six companies, including Toyota. The basis for the first Subaru cars were Renault cars. The word "subaru" also means "to put together" in Japanese. The company introduced a bus with an electric motor - Sambar EV, R1, released B9 Tribeca.
Suzuki. The Suzuki emblem is depicted with the Latin letter S so that it resembles a Japanese character. At the same time, the surname of the founder of the brand, Michio Suzuki, begins with this letter. In the beginning, weaving machines and motorcycles were produced under the name Suzuki Loom Works. In 1937, it was reoriented to the production of automobile transport. The auto giant entered the new millennium, 12th in the world in terms of sales of its products, sales amount to 1.8 million cars annually. Today, six models of cars, more than twenty models of motorcycles and three models of ATVs are sold on the Russian market.
Tesla- American car brand. The company has been producing electric cars since 2006, in large quantities since 2008. The emblem consists of the name of the car and the sword-shaped letter T - symbolizing swiftness and speed. And the brand is named after the physicist and electrical engineer Nikola Tesla. Tesla's Roadster is equipped with an AC motor that originates directly from Tesla's own design in 1882.
Toyota. The emblem symbolizes the thread that is threaded into the eye of the needle. This is a legacy from the past business of the Toyota Automatic Loom Works, which until 1933 produced weaving machines. The Japanese did not change the icon. The emblem was given a poetic and philosophical meaning. Two intersecting ellipses symbolize the driver and the heart of the car, and the large ellipse that unites them speaks of the prospects and broad capabilities of the corporation.
TVR. The TVR (Ti-Vi-Ar) company logo is stylized letters from the name TreVoR. In 1947, English engineers Trevor Wilkinson and Jack Pickard founded TVR Engineering, calling the company TreVoR after Wilkinson. The company specializes in the production of light sports cars, it has a turbulent history, but an uncertain future. The next owner, Smolensky, split TVR into small companies in December 2006, leaving the brand and intellectual capital for himself. At the moment, it is known that the US is a market for TVR's business plan, which will produce sports cars.
Volkswagen. The author of the “people's car” logo is Franz Xavier Reimspiess, an employee of Porsche, who won an open competition and earned an award (100 Reichsmarks) for it. The letters W and V are merged into a monogram. During the period of Nazi Germany, this logo imitated a swastika. Britain took over the plant after Germany's defeat, the logo changed, and later the background color became blue. The right to produce cars with this emblem belongs to AG.
Volvo. The emblem of the Swedish concern depicts the Roman designation for the god of war Mars - a shield and a spear. The strip stretching diagonally across the radiator grille initially served as a mounting point for the emblem, but in its modern form it is a brand identifier. The modern emblem of Volvo cars is represented by the same diagonal stripe with the “sign of Mars” and the Volvo name is placed in the middle. Since 2010, Volvo has been divided into 2 core groups: one produces Volvo Personvag passenger cars, and Aktiebolaget Volvo produces engines, equipment, commercial vehicles, and buses. Both groups were part of the Volvo Group. In 1999, Volvo Personvag was sold to the Ford concern, and later to the Gelly concern.
Wiesmann. The Wiesmann logo depicts a gecko because Wiesmann cars cling to the road as firmly as geckos cling to walls and ceilings. Under this logo, the German company produces luxury sports cars in limited quantities. There were no more than 50 cars annually; they were so in demand that to purchase them you had to sign up six months in advance. In February 2014, the management of Wiesmann Manufaktur announced its closure at a meeting of plant workers.
Bogdan. The prototype of the pride of the Ukrainian automobile industry is the letter B, stylized as a sailboat with inflated sails. The company's designers argued that this meant success and good luck in all initiatives, a fair wind on the road. The letter B is placed in an ellipse - it is a symbol of stability, green color suggests growth and renewal, gray is associated with perfection. The Ukrainian automobile manufacturing enterprise produces VAZ 2110 cars under this brand.
VIS. The VAZinterService logo is presented in the form of a graphic design of the company name in the form of stylized letters VIS. "VAZinterService" is a division of AvtoVAZ, specializing in the production of pickup trucks for various purposes, which are created on the basis of modules of VAZ all-wheel drive vehicles. At the moment, the enterprise consists of a plant for the production of pickup trucks "VIS-Auto", an Automotive Aggregate Plant and an Automobile Assembly Plant.
GAS. The emblem belongs to the Gorky Automobile Plant, famous for the production of trucks and minibuses. In the first moments of production, GAZ cars were a copy of American Ford cars; moreover, even in the emblem, the word GAZ was enclosed in a similar oval and the spelling of the letter G was identical to Ford’s signature F. The personal factory logo with the image of a deer was created in 1950. The coat of arms of Nizhny Novgorod, where the plant is located, served as the basis for the emblem.
ZAZ. The logo is made in the form of a stylized letter Z and belongs to the Zaporozhye Automobile Plant. By the end of 1960, the plant assembled and produced a series of humpbacked Zaporozhets - ZAZ-965. The emblem of the car depicted the Zaporozhye Dam, with the letters ZAZ on top. The price of the car was easily accessible; it could be purchased for an amount approximately equal to twenty official national average wages. Today the company specializes in the production of vans and passenger cars.
ZIL. The logo is made in the form of a stylized inscription of the first letters of the name of the oldest plant named after Likhachev. There was no emblem at the plant from 1916 to 1944. It was then that the designer Sukhorukov proposed a sign for the ZIL-114, which later served as the trademark of the enterprise. On the basis of the plant, the Open Joint-Stock Moscow Company “Plant named after I. A. Likhachev” (AMO ZIL) emerges. The company now produces and sells energy resources and rents out premises. At the beginning of 2014, there were 2,305 people in the society.
IzhAvto. Since 2005, cars under this logo have not been produced. Currently, the Izhevsk plant is the property of the Russian Technology enterprise and is managed by United Automobile Group LLC. The production of the Lada Granta sedan model at the car plant is ending; in the future, the company plans to produce the Lada Granta liftback car.
KamAZ. The emblem - a galloping horse with a wind-swept mane - is known both in Russia and abroad. If there is a symbolic figure of a horse on the hood of a car, it means it is a KAMAZ. The Kama Automobile Plant has been a Russian automobile industrial enterprise since 1976. Two spelling forms are patented: KAMAZ and KAMAZ. The company ranks 9th in the world in the production of trucks. The plant also produces buses, combines, tractors and more. KAMAZ won the Paris-Dakar rally 12 times.
Lada. The logo in the form of an oval with a rook on VAZ products has existed since 1994. In the new emblem, the boat under sail is made in a different graphic design; the white and blue colors of the brand have not changed. The logo update was entrusted to chief designer Steve Mattin, who led the design of Volvo. This logo with a floating boat describes the location of the VAZ plant (Samara region, on the Volga). In ancient times, merchant boats were the only transport that transported goods along the Volga. The rook is depicted in the shape of the first letter “B”, which is part of the name VAZ.
Moskvich. The corporate emblem of the enterprise, introduced in the 80s, is the letter “M”, stylized as a battlement of the Kremlin wall. The production of Moskvich has been established at the AZLK plant in Moscow since 1947 and in Izhevsk since 1966. The plant was declared bankrupt and ceased operations in 2010. Trademarks (82855, 82856, 476828 and 221062), under which the products of Moskvich OJSC were released, belong to Volkswagen AG and are “sleeping” brands (in reserve). The factory museum with Moskvich models is located at the address: Rimskaya metro station, Rogozhsky Val, building 9/2.
SeAZ. Since 1939, the Serpukhov Motorcycle Plant has produced motorcycles and sidecars (in a scene in the film “Operation Y”). Since 1995, the enterprise was reoriented to the Serpukhov Automobile Plant, which assembled Oka cars from supplied parts. Now only machine kits are manufactured here.
TagAZ. The emblem refers to the products of the Taganrog Automobile Plant. In 1999, several hundred Orion cars were produced. The plant then becomes a car assembly plant. Since May 2014, the new owner has unveiled plans to resume the industrial assembly of light-duty trucks, school buses, utility vehicles and minibuses for transporting the disabled.
UAZ. The engineer of this plant, Albert Rakhmanov, created the best-selling industrial design - UAZ-469. His sketch of a bird inscribed in a circle became the emblem in 1962. The mark has not been patented. In 1981, a new version was approved: a real seagull with curved wings, inscribed in a pentagon. The last sign of the plant is a green emblem and under it the letter designation - UAZ.

Brief summary

It must be said that the geometric figure in the form of a circle is used by almost all German enterprises. It has a horizontal zigzag and represents the Opel car brand. The Volvo emblem has an image in the form of a circle with an arrow. It symbolizes the god Mars, who is the patron of war. The Volvo badge's name translates to "rolling".

The video shows interesting facts about car emblems:

Many car enthusiasts are interested in information about car icons around the world. This article provides data on many vehicle emblems, as well as characteristics of the most popular today.

Is labeling good or not at all? On people it’s not worth it, but on clothes it’s absolutely necessary. What icons do textile manufacturers use for their “secret messages” and why? What is the difference between hand and machine wash marks? Knowing the meaning of these mysterious symbols on the tag will help you keep your items for a long time.

Marking: “cut cannot be saved”

How often, when we see clothes in a store window, we buy them without thinking. However, after just a few washes, the item begins to fade, stretch, and become covered in pellets. Is this a familiar picture? All you had to do was pay attention to the symbols on the tag. It’s even better to do this before purchasing the product.

If there is a dry cleaning symbol (circle) on the label, think about whether you are ready to constantly spend money on professional cleaning? Things with this designation, of course, can be cleaned and washed yourself, but at your own peril and risk.

The label on clothing is an important element. As a rule, 2 tags are sewn inside the finished item. One contains information about the composition of the fabric, the other contains instructions for caring for the product. Sometimes all the information may be on one label.

Proper care of things consists of 5 stages - washing, drying, ironing, cleaning (if necessary), storage.

The symbols on clothing labels are international. They are established by the ISO 3758:2012 standard. Textile products. Care labeling using symbols." Throughout Russia, its analogue is in force - “GOST ISO 3758-2014. Textile products. Labeling with care symbols." The location of the marking containing information on care, fabric composition and manufacturer is regulated by GOST 10581-91 “Sewing products. Labeling, packaging, transportation and storage.” The standard has been in force since 1993, its requirements are still mandatory for garment factories in our country.

Symbols on tags

The symbols on the labels can be divided into groups - washing, drying, bleaching, ironing, professional care. They are located in the same sequence on the product tag.

The general rule for any item is to shake the item and check the pockets before washing. T-shirts with slogans and shirts should be turned inside out before washing - this will help them last longer.

The generally accepted symbol for washing is a basin with liquid, inside of which recommendations on the temperature regime are depicted. This is the first picture in a series of symbols on the label.

How to decipher the bleaching and dry cleaning icon

Few housewives know what the designations of a circle and a triangle can mean. In order not to spoil your favorite item, it is important to remember which items are allowed or prohibited from dry cleaning, bleaching or cleaning using chemicals.

If suddenly the label bothers you, it is better to carefully cut it off and save it. When you take a complex item to be cleaned, the specialists will be very grateful to you for this reminder.

In addition to dry professional cleaning, there is aqua-cleaning - professional wet cleaning. With this method, water is present as a solvent, and the cleaning itself takes place in a special washing machine. This treatment allows you to completely remove stains that could not be removed by dry cleaning.

Dry cleaning (professional dry cleaning) consists of two steps - pre-treatment and direct machine dry cleaning. At the first stage, a stain remover is used, at the second - a solvent. The cycles are repeated until the spots disappear. Then the item is put into rinse and dry mode.

What does the spin and dry label mean?

The drying symbol - a square with a wide variety of patterns - will tell you how not to spoil the item in the last stages of care.

Meaning of the Ironing symbol

This icon looks like an iron. Everything here is as simple as possible - first, determine whether the laundry can be ironed. Then set the settings on your home iron in accordance with the designation.

The label on the clothes is instructions for caring for things

If you want to comply with the manufacturer’s recommendations completely, pay attention to the information about the composition of the material. For example, clothes made from natural fabrics should be treated with caution, and items made from synthetics should be ironed at a certain temperature.

You need to choose a washing mode based on the composition of the fabric - the higher the percentage of synthetics, the easier it is to care for the item

Markings on tags are present both on domestic products and on foreign-made clothing. Typically, a foreign manufacturer indicates the composition of the fabric in two Latin letters or whole words. The main thing here is to have a decoding table at hand.

Decoding of symbols on foreign-made clothing - table

Title of the material in English	Letter designation on the label	Title of the material in Russian
Cotton	CO	Cotton
Linen	LI	Linen
Union Linen	H.L.	Flax with impurities
Silk	S.E.	Silk
Cashemire	W.S.	Cashmere
Wool	WO	Wool
Viscose	VI	Viscose
Modal	M.D.	Modal
Acrylic	AR	Acrylic
Elastane	EL	Elastane
Polyester	P.E.	Polyester
Laycra	LY	Lycra
Polyacrylic	PC	Polyacrylic
Acetate	A.C.	Acetate fiber
Polyamide (Nylon)	PA	Polyamide (Nylon)
Metal	M.E.	Metallized thread

What does textile piece mean?

When purchasing an item, there is often a bag attached to the inside seam, inside of which there is a spare button and a small piece of fabric. This is an irreplaceable thing - with its help you can determine how the item will behave when washed, whether its color will change and whether a stain remover can be used with it.

It will help you find out the properties of the fabric from which the clothes you bought are made, without risking the item itself. You can also use this piece of material to check whether the fabric will shrink after washing. To do this, you need to attach the flap to the cardboard and outline the borders. Then wash, dry and re-attach to the cardboard. If the boundaries do not match, it means the product is prone to shrinkage.

This piece of fabric is your indispensable assistant in choosing clothing care	Material
Wool	Recommendations Wool items should be washed with mild wool detergents. When drying, to avoid deformation, woolen items should not be hung.
Cotton	After washing, wool items are laid out on a flat surface. Cotton items often shrink, although they can also be dried in a dryer.
Linen	Cotton fabrics should be ironed with an iron with a steam function. Linen items, like cotton items, shrink after washing.
Silk	Linen items must be ironed. Keep in mind that linen wrinkles a lot. Wet silk is dried in the shade and away from radiators.

This piece of fabric is your indispensable assistant in choosing clothing care	Material
Silk items should be ironed from the inside out with a warm iron.	Knitwear Knitwear should be handled with care, for example, wrung out without twisting.
It is recommended to dry knitwear on a horizontal surface, having first straightened it.	Viscose and modal (modernized viscose) These fabrics require careful handling: Iron according to label directions. The temperature depends on the composition of the fabric.
Sintepon	Like any synthetic material, synthetic winterizer does not lose its shape when washed and dries quickly.
Elastane	Care depends on the base material of the item, so carefully study the symbols on the label.

Wash, bleach, dry clean - international designations on labels

In addition to symbols, labels may contain warning or prohibition notices. They should be brief (according to GOST) and contain a maximum of information with a minimum of letters.

The most common instructions for washing things are, for example, “Wash with similar colors.” This means that the item should only be washed with clothes of similar colors. Also under the symbols on the tag you can see the inscription “Keep away from fire” - this means that the product does not need to be brought to an open fire. For example, fur or synthetics.

Table of phrases in English for product care

Wash
Wash separately	wash separately from other fabrics
Wash like (similar) colors	wash together with fabrics of the same color
Wash before use	wash before first use
Wash with velcros closed	washable with Velcro fastening
Rinsing
Do not add fabric conditioner	Do not use fabric softeners
Do not use softeners	do not use mouthwash
Fabrics softener recommended	It is recommended to use a mouthwash
Rinse immediately in cold water	rinse immediately in cold water
Rinse thoroughly	rinse thoroughly
Dry cleaning
Don't dryclean	Dry cleaning prohibited
Dry cleaning recommended	Dry cleaning recommended
Whitening
Avoid bleaching and optical white (perborate)	do not use bleaching products
Don't bleach	Do not bleach
Do not use chlorine bleach	do not use chlorine bleach
No optical brighteners	do not use bleach
Use only detergents without optical bleaches	powder wash without bleaches
Drying
Don't tumble dry	cannot be dried in a dryer
Don't wring or twist	cannot be squeezed or twisted
Drip dry	vertical drying without spinning
Dry flat	dry flat on a horizontal surface
Dry in shade	dry in the shade
Hang dry, when wet	let the water drain, vertical drying without spinning
Line dry, do not tumble dry	vertical drying, do not tumble dry
May be tumble-dried shortly on low	short spin in a centrifuge at low speeds
Remove promptly (immediately)	take it out of the car immediately
Short spin	short spin in a centrifuge
Dry away from (direct) heat	do not dry with (directed) heat
Drip or tumble dry low	vertical drying or spinning in a centrifuge at low speeds
Ironing
Cool iron	iron at low temperature
Don't iron	Do not iron
Do not iron print (decoration)	do not iron the finish
Do not steam iron	iron without steaming
Iron damp	iron wet
Iron at middle temp	iron at medium temperature
Iron on reverse (wrong) side only	iron on reverse side only
Please iron in side out	iron from the wrong side
Steam iron recommended	steaming recommended
Steam only	just steam
Use press cloth	iron through fabric
Warm iron	iron at high temperature

Table with other phrases in English

Bleeding (stamming) color	sheds
Down	down feather, down (suggests eco-friendly detergent)
Do not allow wet garment to dry bundled	do not dry wrinkled clothes
Easy care (non iron)	easy care, no ironing required
Exposure to sunlight and chlorinated water may be detrimental to shade and elastane content	Sunlight and chlorine washing can affect the color and elasticity of elastane-containing products.
Feather	feather (suggests natural cleanser)
Flame retarded	treated with fire retardant
Keep away from fire	keep away from open fire
May be faded	may shed
Non-felt finishes	doesn't fall off
Professional leather clean only	Only professional skin cleaning
Renew water proofing alter washing	after washing, renew impregnation
Reshape and dry flat	shape and dry flat
Reshape in wet condition	shape when wet
Reshape while damp	shape when wet
Shrinkage about…..%	shrinks by …%
Shrinkproof	does not shrink
Stretch inti shape after washing	after washing, stretch and give the desired shape
Stretch to original shape while in damp	when wet, stretch and give the desired shape
Waterproof	waterproof

Decoding instructions in English - video

How to care for fur, knitwear and down jackets

You need to take into account not only the type of fabric, but also the type of clothing.

Fur products

Fur products need careful care, this will increase their service life and maintain a good appearance. It is better to entrust their cleaning to professionals. How can you determine when it’s time to take your fur coat to the dry cleaner? Carefully inspect the fur. If it's not as smooth as it used to be, it's dull, or it feels greasy to the touch, then it's time to visit the dry cleaner.

Down jackets

Outerwear filled with down requires some care. Down jackets should only be stored flat. Do not leave jackets in a damp state under any circumstances; down tends to rot, and quite quickly.

Also, such clothes have another interesting property - having absorbed sweat and sebum, they stop warming. In this regard, it is recommended to take down products to the dry cleaner every year.

Featherbeds, pillows, blankets with feathers and down are no different in care from down jackets, but they still need to be dry cleaned periodically for proper care and disinfection.

A sense of humor is a necessary component of cozy things

A well-groomed appearance will help you feel confident on dates.

In addition to the generally accepted symbols, the manufacturer added a funny recommendation

To make things look great, you need to follow the recommendations for caring for them. When cleaning clothes, you need to know all the signs, then you will maintain their excellent appearance for a long time. Particular attention should be paid to the symbol crossed out by two lines. This means that this operation is prohibited. By unconditionally following the advice of manufacturers, you will prevent premature damage and wear of your items.